Level 1 · Beginner

Negation with 不

不 + Verb / Adj.

To make a sentence negative, put 不 (bù) directly before the verb or adjective: 我不喝咖啡 "I don't drink coffee", 今天不冷 "today isn't cold". It works for habits, the present, and the future.

One big exception: 有 (to have) is never negated with 不. Always say 没有, never 不有 — see "Having things with 有".

Examples

喝咖啡。
wǒ bù hē kā fēi
I don't drink coffee.
不是老师。
不是老師。
tā bù shì lǎo shī
He is not a teacher.
今天冷。
jīn tiān bù lěng
It's not cold today.
不想去。
wǒ bù xiǎng qù
I don't want to go.

Common mistakes

✗ 我不有钱。
✓ 我没有钱。
有 is the one verb that takes 没 instead of 不.

Related grammar points

Practice this pattern in graded stories like A Special Little Surprise (Part 4), A Busy Afternoon (Part 3), The Missing Little Lamb (Part 2) inside the Literate Chinese app.

Grammar sticks when you read it in stories

Every grammar point in this guide is built into the Literate Chinese app, with graded stories that use the pattern naturally and flashcards matched to the words you know — in Mainland or Taiwan Mandarin. Free on iOS and Android.

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